In a declaration of "State of the Planet" which is issued after a four-day conference, the scientists say the Earth is now facing challenges that are unprecedented, of water, pollution and loss of species in the food chain.
They asked for a follow-up of the Earth Summit in 1992 on June 20 to 22 to overhaul environmental governance and the sweep of a fixation with a GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as the sole barometer of well-being.
"Continuous function of the Earth system has been the welfare of human civilization in recent centuries is at risk," said a statement issued at the Conference on "Planet Under Pressure".
"The threats are at risk of intensification of economic, ecological and social crisis, creating the potential for a humanitarian emergency on a global scale."
The conference gathered nearly 3,000 environmental scientists, economists, business executives and policy makers in the UN Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio.
In a recorded message, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said he welcomed the declaration, saying that "time ... could not be better."
"Climate change, financial crisis and food, water and energy security threat to human welfare and civilization as we know," he said.
Ban added that he is considering appoint a scientific body or chief scientific adviser to advise him and other UN organs.
Conference declaration said the impact of humans on Earth is now so large that a new era - "the so-called Anthropocene", a term derived from the Greek word for man - has emerged.
Globalization has shown that the economy and society is now "highly interconnected and interdependent," he said.
This change has brought stability and innovation, but creating a system that is prone to sudden stress, such as the global financial crisis and the surge in food prices that have been displayed.
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